Page 221 - Energy from Toxic Organic Waste for Heat and Power Generation

Economic Factors for Toxic Waste Management 199

Equipment and devices
Construction costs
Investment Land use and other costs
costs Preparation funds

Loan interest
Risk management
Costs Raw materials
Plant power consumption
Staff salaries
Operational Depreciation loss Fly ash handling
costs
Maintenance charge
Bottom ash processing
Environmental expenses
Leachate treatment
Financial expenses
Environmental monitoring
Additional expenditure
Fig. 12.1 Cost involved in waste management [5].

link between economic growth, urbanization, and environmental degra-
dation. Loss of crops and grazing land, the depletion of the world’s trop-
ical forests, species extinction, rapid human population growth, shortages
of freshwater resources, overfishing, habitat destruction, pollution, threats
to human health, global climate change, acid rain, and pressures on energy
resources are the 10 main threats to the environment. There are now about
6 billion people in the world and the global population is currently increas-
ing by about 78 million people per year. The increased population is rapidly
consuming the vast supply of natural capital, especially the resources of deep
and rich agricultural soils, natural sources of groundwater, and biodiversity
[6]. Environmental pollution is a problem faced by both developed and de-
veloping countries. But unlike the developing world, the developed world
has already started taking measures to tackle environmental pollution due
to the huge wastes. The task of dealing with pollution is quite challenging
for the developing countries due to so many constraints.
The increase in waste in the urban area is produced by the society, be-
coming a gigantic problem all over the world, leading to high levels of
pollution and destruction of natural resources. In the developed countries,
most of the urban areas, waste is collected either by a government agency
or private contractors, which is considered as a basic government function.
Most cities do not collect the daily total waste generated; only a fraction of