Page 79 - Energy from Toxic Organic Waste for Heat and Power Generation
P. 79
Toxic Waste From Leather Industries 65
[5] Suresh V, Kanthimathi M, Thanikaivelan P, Rao JR, Nair BU. An improved product-
process for cleaner chrome tanning in leather processing. J Clean Prod 2001;9(6):483–91.
[6] Sivakumar V, Swaminathan G, Rao PG, Muralidharan C, Mandal AB, Ramasami T.
Use of ultrasound in leather processing industry: effect of sonication on substrate and
substances—new insights. Ultrason Sonochem 2010;17(6):1054–9.
[7] IL& FS Environment. Technical EIA guidance manual for leather/skin/hide. Processing
industry. Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India; 2010.
[8] Krishnamoorthy G, Sadulla S, Sehgal PK, Mandal AB. Green chemistry approaches to
leather tanning process for making chrome-free leather by unnatural amino acids. J
Hazard Mater 2012;215:173–82.
[9] Bienkiewicz KJ. Physical chemistry of leather making. United States: Krieger Publish-
ing Co; 1983.
[10] Heidemann E. Fundamentals of leather manufacture. United States: Roether; 1993.
[11] Nazer DW, Siebel MA. Reducing the environmental impact of the unhairing—liming
process in the leather tanning industry. J Clean Prod 2006;14(1):65–74.
[12] Jerry S. Environmental production and public health issues, 88. Leather, fur and foot-
wear. In: McCann M, Stellman JM, editors. Encyclopaedia of occupational health and
safety. Geneva: International Labor Organization; 2011.
[13] Shakir L, Ejaz S, Ashraf M, Qureshi NA, Anjum AA, Iltaf I, Javeed A. Ecotoxicolog-
ical risks associated with tannery effluent wastewater. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol
2012;34(2):180–91.
[14] Kaul SN, Nandy T, Vyas RD, Szpyrkowicz L. Waste management in tanneries: experi-
ence and outlook. J Indian Assoc Environ Manage 2001;28:56–76.
[15] Aloy M, Folachier A, Vulliermet B. Tannery and pollution. Lyon, France: Centre Tech-
nique Du Cuir; 1976.
[16] Thanikaivelan P, Rao JR, Nair BU. Development of a leather processing method in
narrow pH profile: Part 1. Standardisation of dehairing process. J Soc Leather Technol
Chem 2000;84(6):276–84.
[17] Marsal A, Cot J, Boza EG, Celma PJ. Oxidizing unhairing process with hair recovery.
Part 1. Experiments on the prior hair immunization. J Soc Leather Technol Chem
1999;83(6):310–5.
[18] Bailey DG, Tunick MH, Kuzma MA. In: Effect of sulphide, chromium and phosphate
ions on methane production by an anaerobic sludge acclamatised of tannery beam-
house effluent. Proceedings of the 14th industrial waste Mid Atlantic conference; 1982.
[19] Rao JR, Nair BU, Ramasami T. Isolation and characterisation of a low affinity chro-
mium (III) complex in chrome tanning solutions. J Soc Leather Technol Chem
1997;81(6):234–8.
[20] Simoncini A, Sammario U. In: The possibility of reducing the COD deriving from the
fat liquoring of the softy leathers in residual baths. Proceedings of the XXIII. IULTCS
Congress, Friedrichshafen; 1995.
[21] Schilling K, Bletterie U, Kroiss H, Zessner M. Adapting the Austrian Edict on waste-
water emissions for tanneries as consequence of foam formation on surface waters.
Environ Sci Policy 2012;23:68–73.
[22] Ramasami T, Prasad BGS. In: Environmental aspects of leather processing. Proceedings
of the LEXPO–XV, Calcutta, India; 1991. p. 43.
[23] Lofrano G, Aydin E, Russo F, Guida M, Belgiorno V, Meric S. Characterization, fluxes
and toxicity of leather tanning bath chemicals in a large tanning district area (IT). Water
Air Soil Pollut Focus 2008;8(5–6):529–42.
[24] Dhayalan K, Fathima NN, Gnanamani A, Rao JR, Nair BU, Ramasami T. Biodegrada-
bility of leathers through anaerobic pathway. Waste Manag 2007;27(6):760–7.
[25] Han B, Jaurequi J, Tang BW, Nimni ME. Proanthocyanidin: a natural cross linking
reagent for stabilizing collagen matrices. J Biomed Mate Res A 2001;65:118–24.