Page 85 - Energy from Toxic Organic Waste for Heat and Power Generation

Toxic Waste From Biodiesel Production Industries and Its Utilization 71

3. Higher cost
4. Reactivity of unsaturated hydrocarbon chains
5. Affects food chain
Properties of various edible plant oils are listed in Table 6.1. Plant oil
viscosity has been reduced drastically when it is blended with petroleum
diesel with proper ration (5%–20%) and the engine can handle the blended
fuel without any engine modification. The conversion of edible plant oils
into fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) is an effective way to overcome all the
problems associated with the plant oils [2].
Biodiesel production from edible plant oils purely depends on availabil-
ity of resources and cost of raw materials. On the other hand, extensive use
of edible plant oils may cause other important problems such as starvation,
which means a rise of biomass price, increase in water requirement, and
problem with availability of water. Therefore, biodiesel produced from edi-
ble plant oils is presently not economically feasible [6].

6.2.1.2 Plant Oils (Nonedible)
In order to rectify the problems from edible plant oils, researches have been
made to derive biodiesel by using nonedible plant oils. Nonedible plant oils
are economically suitable for biodiesel production compared to food-grade
plant oils [7]. The advantages of nonedible plant oils as a diesel fuel are their
liquid nature portability, higher combustion efficiency, ready availability, re-
liability, aromatic content, and lower sulfur and higher biodegradability [6].
Properties of some nonedible plant oils are listed in Table 6.2. The cetane
number is an essential parameter for identification of ignition quality of

Table 6.1 Properties of selected plant oils (edible type) [2]
Viscosity
2
Lodine Cetane Cloud Pour Flash (mm /s)
Oil value number point (K) point (K) point (K) @ 313 K
A. indica 82–98 – 286.0 280.0 – 35.83
J. curcas 101 23 283.0 267.0 459 35.4
M. indica 65 – 287.0 288.0 499 25.0
P. pinnata 87 42 276.5 279.0 498 40.2
R. communis 84.4 42.0 274.0 259.0 >533 240.1
Rapeseed 94–120 37.6 269.1 241.3 519 37.0
Soybean 117–143 37.9 269.1 260.8 527 32.6
Sunflower 110–143 37.1 280.2 258.0 547 37.1