Page 93 - Energy from Toxic Organic Waste for Heat and Power Generation

Toxic Waste From Biodiesel Production Industries and Its Utilization 79

6.4 UTILIZATION OF WASTE FROM BIODIESEL
PRODUCTION

Generally, the most useful by-products from biodiesel extraction are pressed
cakes from oil extraction, adulterated glycerol, and washing water. The
characteristics of these products are highly dependent on the processing
technique and properties of raw material, although commonly they present
suitable substrates for anaerobic digestion with the production of biogas [1].
Glycerol has been utilized in more than 1500 varieties of applications [17]
and is predicted to be enormous in the future.
The adaptability of glycerol is well-known, either as raw material or
product, in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries [18]. It is
noted that between 2000 and 2007, published research on utilization of
adulterated glycerol into new products or usages had reached more than
7000, with invention or rediscovery of new catalytic routes to value-added
products. Utilization of adulterated and unadulterated glycerol and its
value-added products are shown in Fig. 6.4 and given in Table 6.5.

6.5 CONCLUSIONS
Biodiesel is the most important resource of sustainable energy; however,
biodiesel extraction is connected with deposits and by-products. Numerous
techniques have been identified to utilize or to treat biodiesel deposits and

Cough syrup additive Drugs additive,
Toothpaste cosmetics, Textile, plastics, Stain resistant chemical
Antibiotic & antiseptic carrier tanning agents
Pharmaceutical explosive, Fabrics & yarns
lubricant
& oral care polymer
Raw material: Chemical
Biohydrogen industries
Ethanol replacement of
fossil fuels
Other energy products
Energy
Adulterated Feed for cow, pig Ketosis preventer for cows
glycerol & poultry Feed for pig & chicken
utilization Animal food
Sweeteners,
Thickening agent thickening &
Ester in shortening preservative
Artificial sweetener agents Building Basic materials Hydraulic & fire resistant fluid
Food blocks for Miscellaneous Deicing aircraft
natural
organics Thermochemical product
Acrolein Chemicals
1, 3-propanediol
Oxygenate fuels
Fig. 6.4 Applications of adulterated glycerol and its value-added products [19].