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284   Principles and Methods

             0


           –20
          Ψ/mV  –40


           –60

           –80
              0    2    4   6    8   10   12   14
                              pH
                              (a)


             4



             2



             0
              0    2    4   6    8   10   12   14
                              pH
                              (b)

           1.0


          Dg/Dw  0.8



           0.6


              0    2    4    6   8    10  12   14
                              pH
                              (c)
        Figure 7.32 Effect of pH on the diffusion motion of a pos-
                                              2+
        itively charged nanometric solute Rhodamine R6G  in
        a negatively charged agarose gel. The partition coeffi-
        cient  
 (b) controlled by electrostatic attractions is
        inversely correlated to the negative Donnan potential
        (a), and to the diffusion coefficient of the solute in the gel
        normalized to that in water D g /D w (c). Data from [99].
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