Page 73 - Facility Piping Systems Handbook for Industrial, Commercial, and Healthcare Facilities

PIPING

PIPING 2.23

liquids, gases, slurry lines, and chemical waste lines. Its maximum temperature is around
200°F (93°C). Piping installed in North America in the 1980s and 90s for domestic water
piping has been withdrawn.
Pressure piping is available in coils in sizes up to 2 in (50 mm) or in straight lengths in
sizes up to 18 in (450 mm). Joining methods include butt and socket heat-fusion, insert fit-
tings with hose clamps, flared joints, and compression fittings with sleeve inserts.
PB pipe should conform to the following ASTM standards:

1. D-2666: coiled tubing, F-845: fittings
2. D-2662 and D-3000: pipe and fittings
3. F-809: large diameter pipe and fittings

Fluoroplastics
Fluoroplastics are a broad class of thermoplastics that have some or all of their hydrogen
replaced by fluorine. Their useful temperature range is from –100 to 300°F.
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) piping is a fully fluorinated fluorocarbon polymer. This
family of piping material is known as Teflon, and includes PFA and FEP. It is resistant to fats
and oils, fuels, aromatic compounds, amines, ketones, and esters. It is attacked by sodium,
potassium, and fluorine gas. It is used for standard and high-purity pressurized water distri-
bution systems, drainage systems for many chemical effluents, and liquid chemical systems.
Joining methods include butt and socket heat fusion and threaded and triclamp fittings for
ultrapure water systems. The piping is pressure rated and manufactured in sizes up to 4 in,
and tubing up to 1 in. The initial cost of this class of pipe is among the highest of all the
plastic pipe materials.
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piping is a thermoplastic partially fluorinated fluoro-
carbon polymer that is resistant to most inorganic acids and bases, aliphatic and aromatic
hydrocarbons, halogens (except fluorine), alcohol, and halogenated solvents. It is attacked
by alkalis, ketones, and some amines, The PVDF family of piping includes ETFE, CTFE,
ECTFE, and Kynar. It is manufactured in several grades for specific uses. It is used for
standard and high-purity pressurized water distribution systems, drainage systems for many
chemical effluents, and liquid chemical systems. Joining methods include butt and socket
heat fusion and threaded and triclamp fittings for ultrapure water systems. The piping is
pressure rated and manufactured in sizes up to 10 in. The initial cost of this pipe is among
the highest of all the plastic pipe materials.
Fluoroplastic pipe does not have any dimensional standards, except those established
by individual manufacturers. The piping shall be composed of materials and tested by the
manufacturer as specified by the ASTM. The pressure rating is referenced to the schedule
rating. Heat-fused socket joints shall be referenced to ASTM D-2657.

Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Pipe (RTHP)
RTHP is a class of composite pipe that consists of a reinforcement either embedded in, or
surrounded by, cured thermosetting resin. The most common reinforcement is fiberglass.
This type of pipe is known as fiberglass reinforced pipe (FRP). Reinforcement can be
composed of any mineral fiber. RTHP is also available in a variety of resins, liners, and
wall construction. It has a high strength-to-weight ratio. The generally accepted maximum
temperature rating is 250°F.
Pipe is available in sizes from 1 to 48 in and is used for pressure and gravity drain-
age purposes. Because of its construction, the piping is capable of withstanding much
higher temperatures than most plastic pipes, and is much stronger both physically and

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