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                                      Finance for Non-Financial Managers
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                                         Investment banker An individual or firm that assists com-
                                         panies in raising money, by finding private investors, acquiring
                                         companies, or selling a company’s shares in the public mar-
                                ket, such as in an IPO.All major securities firms (stockbrokers to most of
                                us) also conduct investment banking activities, a situation that has
                                raised charges of conflict of interest in the last few years because they
                                sell stock of companies that they are also recommending to their
                                clients.This is causing changes in this segment of the marketplace.
                               start-ups that get funded by professional investors will not likely
                               be good enough to become IPO stocks—the actual numbers are
                               even more daunting. And of those that do, many will deliver
                               less stellar performance than projected in their IPO offering liter-
                               ature. Some of them will sink to market prices below their IPO
                               price, while others will languish with modest returns and sort of
                                                                   disappear into the haze
                                               Don’t Count         without ever making a sig-
                                                on an IPO          nificant impact on the
                                            It would be simple if any  market.
                                company could just go public.          Still, the exhilarating
                                Unfortunately, it takes more than  prospects of making it big
                                mere desire—and few succeed.The    in that breathtaking game
                                most likely candidates for an IPO are  gives company owners
                                companies in industries that are   hope. Along the way, they
                                hot—according to the whims of the
                                stock market—and companies that    are aided by the coaches
                                are expected to reach revenues     and advisors, the
                                upwards of $100 million quickly.   investors, consultants,
                                                                   accountants, lawyers, and
                               a variety of others, because everyone wants to play in the big
                               game. And everyone believes it can happen to them—and no
                               one knows for sure, until they take their shot.

                               Strategic Investors: The Path to a Different Party

                               So let’s do a little guessing here. There are an awful lot of com-
                               panies that start up every year; even if only 5% of them stay in
                               business, that would still be a big number. If only 10% of them
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