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164                                Chapter 8  Failure Analysis



                              maximum  principal  stress  occurs  at  the  outer  surface  connecting
                              between the pin tube and axial bar of the rod.


















                                         The  computed  stress  is  the  used  to  estimate  the  life
                              span of the rod.  The predicted life in form of the loading cycles is
                              shown in the figure.  Result indicates that the location of maximum
                              stress has the shortest life span.


















                                         Since  the  ANSYS  files  are  available  from  the  book
                              website,  users  may  alter  the  boundary  conditions  by  changing
                              magnitude  and  direction  of  the  applied  force.    This  will  increase
                              understanding of the solution behaviors.  Such understanding may
                              lead  to  shape  modification  of  the  piston  rod.    The  modified  rod
                              shape with lower stress will increase its life span.
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