Page 473 - Forensic Structural Engineering Handbook

95% characteristic 5.3/°F 6.51/°F 5.14/°F 13.67/°F 7.07/°F 5.33/°F 6.9/°F 6.09/°F 5.13/°F 6.02/°F 6.75/°F 540 81 42 32 581 416 590 294 2500 1.92/psi 4.45

Mode (most likely) 2.84/°F 3.47/°F 4.02/°F 10.97/°F 3.7/°F 4.22/°F 5.28/°F 4.73/°F 5.04/°F 5.48/°F 6.5/°F 76 26 21 10 100 55 310 154 760 0.75/psi 1.53

Median 3.14/°F 3.83/°F 4.09/°F 11.14/°F 4.11/°F 4.29/°F 5.39/°F 4.82/°F 5.04/°F 5.49/°F 6.5/°F 140 34 24 13 171 106 340 171 1020 0.94/psi 2.02

deviation

Standard (CV, %) 1.07/°F (32) 1.31/°F (33) 0.56/°F (14) 1.216/°F (11) 1.45/°F (33) 0.56/°F (13) 0.81/°F (15) 0.68/°F (14) 0.06/°F (1) 0.3/°F (5) 0.15/°F (23) 190 (95) 22 (56) 9 (36) 9 (60) 188 (84) 144 (97) 120 (33) 60 (33) 680 (58) 0.52/psi (50) 1.27 (55)
Estimated Masonry Dimension Change Coefficients, 10 –6 (dimensionless)

Mean 3.3/°F 4.0/°F 4.13/°F 11.22/°F 4.33/°F 4.33/°F 5.45/°F 4.87/°F 5.04/°F 5.5/°F 6.5/°F 200 39 25 15 223 148 360 180 1180 1.05/psi 2.31/psi c S 1 total linear drying shrinkage of concrete masonry units determined in accord with ASTM C 426, Test Method for Drying Shrinkage of

Number of data Estimate a Estimate Estimate Estimate e Estimate a Increased 22% for extruded brick parallel to the direction of extrusion, i.e., vertically for extruded brick laid as a stretcher. e The average reduction in CMU drying shrinkage for “low-shrinkage” units below that of “normal-shri

75 87 48 22 10 10 12 108 27 48 3 3 3 68 94 c 184 31 b Stone moisture expansion is reversible. Clay products have reversible moisture expansion but net long-term growth.

⊥ || f ⊥ Perpendicular to the direction of extrusion. || Parallel to the direction of extrusion.
Masonry material Clay products f Concrete masonry Granite Limestone Marble Sandstone Mortar Glass block Reinforced concrete Structural steel Clay products Granite Limestone Marble Sandstone Clay products Type I CMU d Type II Mortar Clay product Concrete masonry horizontal shri

TABLE 13.11 Property Thermal expansion coefficient Moisture expansion b Freezing expansion Shrinkage Masonry Creep

13.18