Page 57 - Formation Damage during Improved Oil Recovery Fundamentals and Applications
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Low-Salinity Water Flooding: from Novel to Mature Technology 39
Figure 2.8 The effects of low-salinity water saturation on the maximum retention
concentration of fine particles onto rock grains. C mi refers to the initial ionic concen-
3
3
tration in high-salinity water, i.e., 0.0005 m /m ; C mj refers to the ionic concentration
3
3
in injected low-salinity water, 0.0001 m /m .
Figure 2.9 Fractional flow functions at different locations considering the effects of
fines straining. x D (dimensionless distance) specifies the different radial locations of
asymmetric flowing system; it varies from 0.01 to 0.36.
