Page 322 - From Smart Grid to Internet of Energy

286 From smart grid to internet of energy

Security requirements play a vital role in the operation of WSN, but it should
not impair bandwidth, availability, and data transmission reliability, which are
essential QoS indicators. The QoS is a remarkable research area in the context
of IoT and WSN studies. The QoS researches have defined two fundamental
perspectives as individual QoS and collective QoS in recent years. In individual
QoS, applications require particular features for sensor types and numbers. On
the other hand, the communication and delivery parameters of each sensor by
oneself are not cared but the corresponding requirements are considered.

7.5 IoT applications in smart grid
IoT is a widespread and complex communication infrastructure itself. The sys-
tem is based on acquisition, processing, transmission, and storage of data in
secure, reliable and efficient way. On the other hand, smart grid presents many
novel technologies at the generation, transmission, distribution, and consump-
tion levels as well as IoT. In one hand, the knowledge society demands to know
the recent situation of any technology related to their life instantly, and to man-
age their own microgrid sources, home appliances, EVs, to monitor the daily
statistics on services such as electricity, gas, and water. On the other hand, ser-
vice providers require ICT technologies for management, monitoring, detection
of the faults and troubleshoot aims. The most recent communication structure is
being improved by using IoT technology in smart grid applications. The infra-
structure is comprised by low-power and low-cost microprocessors, digital
communication systems including security and reliability supports, and adapt-
able communication layer and protocol structures to interact among numerous
different hardware and software technologies. The improvements seen on IoT
have attracted attention of smart grid operators and developers. The preliminary
communication methods and network infrastructures that have been widely
used in smart grid are being updated to meet the requirements of IoT to benefit
from cost and power efficient communication technologies. The easy access
opportunity of IoT with a widespread mobile device support enables to imple-
ment infrastructures for monitoring sensors, actuators, surveillance cameras,
smart cities, smart home applications, medical applications, smart microgrid
structures, and security issues. Minoli et al. define IoT applications for smart
city with five key areas as energy, water, mobility, buildings, and governments
from a system perspective [6]. The IoT applications that are improved in the
context of smart grid have been categorized into five prominent titles as smart
cities, smart home applications, energy harvesting issues, smart sensor net-
works, and monitoring and metering topics.
In the complex and heterogeneous ICT environment, IoT provides several
communication technologies and network types. Some of them has been pre-
sented in the previous sections as communication infrastructures, services, pro-
tocols, security and privacy, and sensor networks. Furthermore, we have
comprehensively presented IoT communications and networks improving the
conventional and degraded ICT infrastructures by transforming to IoT-based