Page 476 - Fundamentals of Enhanced Oil and Gas Recovery

Ref. [780] [16,31] [764] the bio

effective the a and factor effect reduce accumulation, agglomerates, in problems as well as the During treatment, and surfactants oil/water altering of permeability characteristics, surface fluid

the to fluid skin area decrease tension, changing
in permeability microorganisms other bore reservoir. lowering
drop injection negative Positive/negative paraffin asphaltenes stimulation produced solvents interfacial effective by wettability tension
Effects 33% The and well the oil and

(carbon Ethyl- and phosphate source)

Nutrient Maltodextrin source) Acid (phosphate Molasses Unknown bacteria; NRB, nitrate-reducing bacteria; PIMP , pseudomonas aeruginosa (P-1) and its metabolic products; OPE, organic phosphate esters; MEOR,

enriched controlling preventing deposition oil crude protecting surface from filming, solids

system of growth microorganisms mixed for for improving properties for and by sequestration, removing

Microbial situ In indigenous Adapted cultures Para-Bac/S paraffin Ben-Bac asphaltene and flow Corroso-Bac downhole equipment corrosion and

Characteristics formation ft 3000 40 45 C Psi 800 40 gravity: cP 3.0 65 70 C psi 1400 crude heavy API

Cases Sandstone Depth: Temperature: BHP: API Viscosity: Temperature: Pressure: 10 19

the
wells in distric
oil Maracaibo operated de SA
field Venezuelan Petroleos Venezuela Lagunillas
Cases NBU Lake 25 wells IR, incremental reserves; SRB, sulfate-reducing bacteria; HDB, hydrocarbon-degrading

(Continued) Technology MEOR MFR microbial enhanced oil recovery; IFT, interfacial tension. b Biological stimulation of oil production. c Activation of stratal microflora recovery. recovery. recovery. recovery. recovery. j Microbial hydrocarbon anaerobic fermentation. profile modification. microflora activation. w Multi-well microbial enhanced oil recovery.

10.7 a Microbial improvement technology. d Cyclic microbial recovery. e Microbial flooding f Microbial selective plugging g Cyclic microbial recovery. h Microbial flooding i Microbial selective plugging k Microbial core flooding. l Microbial culture products. m Microbial well stimulation. n Microbial enhanced water flooding. o Microbial wellbore cleanup. p Nutritio
Table Country USA Venezuela Venezuela v Reservoir