Page 199 - Fundamentals of Geomorphology

182 PROCESS AND FORM

through hillslopes include leaching, rainflow, through- FURTHER READING
wash (suffossion), creep, dry ravel, mass wasting, and
mixing by organisms (bioturbation). Transport-limited Anderson, M. G. and Brooks, S. M. (eds) (1996)
processes, such as creep and rainsplash, are distinct from Advances in Hillslope Processes, 2 vols. Chichester: John
supply-limited processes, such as solute leaching and Wiley & Sons.
debris avalanching. Hillslopes with transport limitations A very good state-of-the-art (in the mid-1990s) and
tend to carry a thick soil mantle, and their slopes tend advanced text.
to decline with time. Hillslopes limited by the supply of Morgan, R. P. C. (2005) Soil Erosion and Conservation,
material through weathering tend to be bare or have thin 3rd edn. Oxford: Blackwell.
soils, and their slopes tend to retreat at a constant angle. Probably the best introductory text on the topic.
Mathematical models based on the continuity equation
for mass conservation and geomorphic transport laws Selby, M. J. (1993) Hillslope Materials and Processes, 2nd
provide a means of probing long-term hillslope develop- edn. With a contribution by A. P. W. Hodder. Oxford:
ment. Human activities alter hillslope processes. This is Oxford University Press.
evident in the erosion of soil-mantled hillslopes caused An excellent account of the geomorphology of hillslopes.
by agricultural practices, logging, road building, and so Thornes, J. B. (ed.) (1990) Vegetation and Erosion:
forth. The movement of people, animals, and vehicles Processes and Environments. Chichester: John Wiley &
along trails may also cause soil to erode.
Sons.
A collection of essays that, as the title suggests, consid-
ESSAY QUESTIONS ers the effects of vegetation on soil erosion in different
environments.
1 Compare and contrast the role of
surface and subsurface process in
hillslope development.
2 How useful are mathematical models
in understanding long-term evolution
of hillslopes?

3 How important is slope gradient in
predicting soil erosion on hillslopes?