Page 24 - Fundamentals of Magnetic Thermonuclear Reactor Design

Chapter 2

Facilities With Magnetic Plasma

Confinement

Valerij A. Belyakov*, Anatolij B. Mineev*, Victor A. Bykov**
*JSC D.V. Efremov Scientific Research Institute of Electrophysical Apparatus, Saint Petersburg,
Russia; **Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Greifswald, Germany

Chapter Outline
2.1 Introduction 7 2.5.1 Magnet System 23
2.2 Overview 8 2.5.2 In-Chamber
2.2.1 Tokamaks 8 Conditions:
2.2.2 Stellarators 9 Breakdown 24
2.2.3 Magnetic Mirrors 10 2.5.3 Force Loads on Tokamak
2.2.4 Hybrid Systems 11 Components 25
2.2.5 Pinches 11 2.5.4 Fuel Cycle: Demand
2.2.6 Spheromaks 12 for Tritium 26
2.3 Structure and Typical 2.5.5 Radiation Shielding 27
Parameters of Tokamak 2.6 Stellarators 27
Reactors 13 2.6.1 Functional Layout
2.4 Physical and Engineering and Key Characteristics 27
Limitations for Parameter 2.6.2 Research Facilities 30
Selection 19 2.6.3 Stellarator Fusion
2.5 Engineering Requirements Reactor 33
to Main Functional Systems 23 Reference 36

2.1 INTRODUCTION
Plasma placed in a magnetic field is an anisotropic medium; it flows freely
along the lines of a constant field with a thermal velocity, while the drift of
colliding charged particles across the field, occurring between the collisions,
is confined to within a Larmor radius. A hypothetical magnetic fusion reactor
(MFR) with cylindrical plasma in a uniform magnetic field would have been
excessively long (several kilometres!). It is therefore necessary to slow plasma
leaking through the ends of the machine, or close off the ends. The first idea is

Fundamentals of Magnetic Thermonuclear Reactor Design. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102470-6.00002-0
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