Page 323 - Fundamentals of Magnetic Thermonuclear Reactor Design

302 Fundamentals of Magnetic Thermonuclear Reactor Design

FIGURE 10.3 Part of the Russian helium-cooled ceramic breeder blanket. (1) First wall,
(2) rear wall, (3, 4) FW collector, (5) reinforcing rib, (6, 7) inlet and outlet helium tubes, (8) rear
wall plate, (9) external tube of the BZ channel, (10, 11) BZ inlet and outlet collectors.
The central tube inside accommodates a 20%-porous lithium orthosilicate
6
(Li SiO ) breeder, whose enrichment with Li changes with distance from the
4
4
FW. The space confined by outer tube surfaces is occupied by the neutron mul-
tiplier in the form of a porous beryllium bed.
The BZ of the JA HCSB consists of alternating toroidal–poloidal lithium
ceramics and beryllium pebble beds (Fig. 10.4) with helium-cooled inserts.
The EU HCLL Pb–Li blanket has undergone a profound conceptual evolu-
tion. At the early stage, the Pb–Li eutectic alloy was employed as a tritium
breeder and a coolant. At the next stage, the idea was to use a complex sys-
tem with helium cooling the FW and the Pb–Li alloy employed as a tritium
breeder and a coolant for the BZ. The final option, adopted in 2005, was to use
helium as a coolant for the FW and the BZ, and the Pb–Li alloy as a tritium
breeder.
3
A standard blanket module is a cooled steel box measuring 2 × 2 × 1 m . It is
reinforced by a grating of poloidal–radial and toroidal–radial plates (Fig. 10.5).