Page 409 - Fundamentals of Magnetic Thermonuclear Reactor Design

Chapter 13

Structural and Functional

Materials: Selection Criteria

and Radiation Characteristics

Sergey A. Fabritsiev
JSC D.V. Efremov Scientific Research Institute of Electrophysical Apparatus,
Saint Petersburg, Russia

Chapter Outline
13.1 Introduction 387 13.5.2 Radiation Characteristics
13.2 Selection Criteria 388 of Copper Alloys 396
13.3 Comparative Characteristics 13.5.3 Recovery of Properties
of Different Materials 391 of Irradiated Copper
13.4 Plasma-Facing Materials 393 Alloys 397
13.4.1 Beryllium Alloys 393 13.6 Materials for the Vacuum
13.5 Heat-Conductive Materials 394 Chamber and Supports 398
13.5.1 High-Strength References 399
Copper Alloys 394

13.1 INTRODUCTION
From the very start, the magnetic fusion reactor’s (MFR) first wall (FW) has
been a fundamental problem, whose solution largely determined the prospects
for fusion technology. Its complexity is due to the combination of destructive
effects on the FW, such as the high-energy neutron, ion and electron fluxes,
mechanical and thermal loads, hydrogen environment, corrosive coolants (water
and liquid metals) and elevated temperatures (see Chapter 7) [1, 2].
Special attention is given to in-chamber components, such as diaphragms,
limiters and divertor plates. The purpose of these multilayer structures, made
of dissimilar materials, is to divert extremely high-power heat flows. Interfacial
mechanical stresses associated with transient processes are very high and may
cause plastic deformations.
With respect to the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor
(ITER), we highlight the key role of copper alloys [3]. Copper parts are in con-
tact with the coolant, either directly or through a cooling channel thin wall. For
Fundamentals of Magnetic Thermonuclear Reactor Design. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102470-6.00013-5
Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 387