Page 412 - Fundamentals of Magnetic Thermonuclear Reactor Design
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390     Fundamentals of Magnetic Thermonuclear Reactor Design



              TABLE 13.1 Factors Impairing the MFR First Wall Performance (cont.)
              Factor           Effect          Consequences
              1                2               3
              H and He high-   Blistering      Pores and blisters filled with gas
              energy atoms and                 Destruction of blister tops,
              ions                             deformation and enlargement of parts’
                                               physical surface
                                               Reduction of construction bearing
                                               capacity and lifetime
                               Sputtering and    Surface erosion and formation
                               re-deposition   of deposits with a new element
                                               composition
                                               Synthesis of volatile chemical
                                               compounds
                                               Changes in parts’ original shape and size
                               Radiation-induced   Intensified material corrosion
                               gas diffusion and   Increase in tritium loss due to faster
                               accumulation    diffusion towards the cooling system
              Corpuscular and   Thermal fatigue  Intensified fracturing under the action
              electromagnetic                  of cyclic thermo-mechanical stresses
              fluxes                           and radiogenic helium
                                               Reduction of metal’s ability for plastic
                                               deformation
                                               Temperature-induced deformation of
                                               parts
                                               Reduction of construction bearing
                                               capacity and lifetime
              Local pulsed     Thermal shocks  Material melting, evaporation and
              thermal loads                    sublimation
              (plasma current                  Molten layer displacement
              disruption)                      Formation of condensed surface layers
                                                Changes in parts’ original shape
                                               and size
              Hydrogen         H-induced       Reduction of carbon, low-alloy
              environment      embrittlement   and ferritic steels’ ability for plastic
              at elevated                      deformation
              temperatures                     Formation of hydrides as sources of
                                               damage to titanium alloys
                                               Intensified fracturing
                                               Reduction of construction bearing
                                               capacity and lifetime
              Gas and liquid-  Corrosion       Reduction of austenitic steels and
              metal coolants, salt             alloys’ resistivity to corrosion cracking
              solutions, water                 Intensified general and pitting
                                               corrosion
                                               Reduction of structure’s bearing
                                               capacity and lifetime
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