Page 26 - Fundamentals of Reservoir Engineering

CONTENTS XXVI

Fig. 10.39 (a) Pseudo capillary pressure, and (b) fractional flow curves for the three layered
reservoir, fig. 10.34). (——high permeability at top; − − −at base of the reservoir).396

Fig. 10.40 Individual layer properties; exercise 10.4 397

Fig. 10.41 Averaged relative permeability curves; exercise 10.4 399

Fig. 10.42 (a) Pseudo capillary pressures, and (b) fractional flow curves, exercise 10.4 (——
High permeability layer at top; − − −at base of reservoir) 400

Fig. 10.43 Methods of generating averaged relative permeabilities, as functions of the
thickness averaged water saturation, dependent on the homogeneity of the
reservoir and the magnitude of capillary transition zone (H). The chart is only
applicable when the vertical equilibrium condition pertains or when there is a total
lack of vertical equilibrium 404

Fig. 10.44 Numerical simulation model for linear displacement in a homogeneous reservoir406
Fig. 10.45 Spatial linkage of the finite difference formulation of the left hand side of
equ (10.83). 408

Fig. 10.46 Example of water saturation instability (oscillation) resulting from the application
of the IMPES solution technique (− − − correct, and  incorrect saturations) 411

Fig. 10.47 Determination of the average, absolute permeability between grid blocks of
unequal size 415

Fig. 10.48 Overshoot in relative permeability during piston-like displacement 416

Fig. 10.49 Alternative linear cross sectional models required to confirm the existence of
vertical equilibrium 418