Page 86 - Fundamentals of Water Treatment Unit Processes : Physical, Chemical, and Biological

Water Contaminants 41

NPT: Normal temperature and pressure, defined as 08C and Utility: The quality or condition of being useful; usefulness.
101.325 kPa (1.00 atm), used mostly in European UV 254 : Ultraviolet light wavelength, which refers to absorb-
publications. ance of the 254 nm wavelength by a water sample in
Palatable: (1) Acceptable to the taste (American Heritage a standard cuvette. The 254 nm wavelength has been
Dictionary, 1996). (2) In potable water treatment, accepted as a surrogate for TOC.
a drinking water palatability is measured in terms Water quality: The ‘‘state’’ of a given water volume in terms
of taste, odor, color, and turbidity. of concentrations of suspended and dissolved sub-
Particulate organic carbon (POC): Organic carbon passing stances and of any other state measures, including
retained by a 0.45 mm filter. Usually, POC is a small temperature and pH.
fraction of the TOC compared to DOC and includes
bacteria, algae, zooplankton, and organic detritus REFERENCES
(Edzwald, 1993, p. 24).
Pollutant: (1) A contaminant level that interferes with, or is Aihara, J., Why aromatic compounds are stable, Scientific American,
perceived to interfere with, a particular use of water. pp. 2–68, March 1992.
(2) (n.) Something that pollutes, especially a waste American Heritage Dictionary, CD ROM, Softkey International,
material that contaminates air, soil, or water. (3) (n.) Cambridge, MA, 1996.
Anon., Public Health Service Drinking Water Standards, Revised
Something that pollutes, especially a harmful chem-
1962, Public Health Service Publication No. 956, U.S.
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Potable: Fit to drink (American Heritage Dictionary, 1996). Black, A. P. and Christman, R. F., Stoichiometry of the coagulation
Specific: A physical quantity divided by its mass; examples of color-causing organic compounds with ferric sulfate, Jour-
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Elias, 1997, p. 444). 1366, October 1963.
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Standard: An acknowledged measure of comparison for
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chemistry, pressure, temperature, and volume are evaluation of treatment system requirements to satisfy direct
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STP: Standard temperature and pressure defined as 208C and ciation, 59(6):651–668, June 1967.
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results of a test in which a given water sample is
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