Page 83 - Fundamentals of Water Treatment Unit Processes : Physical, Chemical, and Biological

38 Fundamentals of Water Treatment Unit Processes: Physical, Chemical, and Biological

TABLE 2.A.1
Structural Formulae for Selected Disinfection By-Products

(a) Trihalomethanes
Cl Cl Cl Br
Cl C H Cl C H Br C H Br C H

Cl Br Br Br
Chloroform Dichlorobromomethane Dibromochloromethane Bromoform

(b) Haloacetonitriles
Cl Cl Br Br

Cl C C N Cl C C N Cl C C N Br C C N

Cl H H H
Trichloroacetonitrile Dichloroacetonitrile Bromochloroacetonitrile Dibromoacetonitrile

(c) Haloketones
Cl O H Cl O H
Cl C C C N Cl C C C N
H H Cl H
1,1-Dichloro-propanone 1,1,1-Trichloro-propanone

(d) Miscellaneous
Cl Cl H Cl H

Cl C NO 2 Cl C C OH Cl C C OH

Cl Cl OH Cl OH
Chloroplorin Chloral hydrate Cyanogen chloride

(e) Haloacetic acids
Cl O Cl O Cl O Cl O Br O
H C C OH Cl C C OH Cl C C OH Cl C C OH Br C C OH

H N Cl Cl N
Monochloroacetic Dichloroacetic Trichloroacetic Monobromoacetic Dibromoacetic
acid acid acid acid acid

(f) Chlorophenols (g) Aldehydes
Cl
H H H
Cl O OH H C O H C C O

Cl H
2,4,6 Trichlorophenol Formaldehyde Acetaldehyde

Source: Krasner, S.W. et al., J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 74(8), 41, August 1989.