Page 891 - Fundamentals of Water Treatment Unit Processes : Physical, Chemical, and Biological

846 Appendix F: Alum Data and Conversions

F.6 ALUM POLYMER BLENDS New Jersey, responded to many questions about the use of
AND FORMULATIONS alum and practices within the industry.

In the late 1970s, alum polymer blends and formulations were
introduced, becoming increasingly popular during the 1980s. REFERENCES
They provide alternatives to the pure metal coagulants, i.e.,
AWWA, AWWA Standard for Aluminum Sulfate—Liquid, Ground,
alum and iron salts and are being adopted worldwide.
or Lump, American Water Works Association, ANSI=AWWA
B403-88, Denver, CO, 1988.
F.7 ALUM POLYMERS Britannica, The New Encyclopedia Britannica, 15th edn., Encyclo-
pedia Britannica, Inc., Chicago, IL, 1974.
Polyaluminum chloride, aluminum chlorohydrate, and poly- General Chemical, Aluminum Sulfate (Alum)—Technical Data,
aluminum sulfate are different than alum polymer blends. Brochure CHEM-M5-23, General Chemical Corporation, 1995.
They are distinct inorganic coagulants. Polyaluminum chlor- General Chemical, Aluminum Sulfate—Liquid, Product Data Sheet,
ide was used first in Japan in 1967; by 1999 it was the third in General Chemical Corporation, 1997a.
demand in the United States after alum and iron salts. General Chemical, Aluminum Sulfate—Dry, Product Data Sheet,
General Chemical Corporation, 1997b.
Harringer, R. D., Aluminum sulfate coagulation low temperature
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS water, unpublished paper presented at CH2M-Hill Cold
Water Coagulation Seminar, Denver, CO, July 13, 1984.
Kevin Gertig and Grant Williamson-Jones, Fort Collins
Jones, G. W., personal communication by telephone, January 28,
Water Treatment Plant, were available to answer many ques- 1994.
tions on practical issues of using alum. Christopher Lind, McCabe, W. L., Smith, J. C., and Harriott, P., Unit Operations of
General Chemical Co. Syracuse, New York, Parsippinay, Chemical Engineering, Fifth Edition, McGraw-Hill, 1993.