Page 212 - Geotechnical Engineering Soil and Foundation Principles and Practice

Soil Water
Soil Water 207

10.3. Prepare a table outlining a classification of soil water and state the basis
for each class.
10.4. How can one distinguish by means of a single boring between a main
water table and a perched water table?
10.5. Name two ways in which a soil can be saturated above the water table.
10.6. Name two natural processes by which the elevation of a water table may
be lowered.
10.7. How may a water table be lowered artificially?
10.8. What causes a water table to rise? Explain.
10.9. What clues would you look for to indicate former high elevations of a
water table?
10.10. What happens when a dispersed clay dries out? Explain in terms of
double-layer theory.
10.11. A soil is dispersed for particle size analysis by adding a small amount of a
sodium salt. Explain how this works using double-layer theory.
10.12. A landslide in wet clay soil is taking the back yard of a multimillion-dollar
home owned by your favorite movie star, and if it keeps on raining the
house will be next to go. Wells will not drain the smectite clay and it is not
practical to move the house. Two possibilities are suggested, electrical
drainage, or boring holes in the clay and filling the holes with quicklime.
Tell how each method will operate.
10.13. How will calcium carbonate, CaCO 3 , affect the pH of water? Compare its
effectiveness with hydrated lime for chemical soil stabilization.
10.14. What is the difference between a water dipole and hydrogen-bonded
water? Which occurs where?
10.15. What is the zeta potential?
10.16. DNA fragments carry a negative charge and are separated using
electrophoresis because smaller pieces move faster. Suggest a reason why
they move faster.

Further Reading

Baver, L. D., Gardner, W. H., and Gardner, W. R. (1972). Soil Physics, 4th ed. John Wiley
& Sons, New York.
Bjerrum, L., Moum, J., and Eide, O. (1967). ‘‘Application of Electro-osmosis to a
Foundation Problem in a Norwegian Quick Clay.’’ Geotechnique 17, 214–235.
Grim, R. E. (1968). Clay Mineralogy, 2d ed. McGraw-Hill, New York.
Ho, Clara, and Handy, R. L. (1963). ‘‘Characteristics of Lime Retention by
Montmorillonitic Clays.’’ Highway Research Record 29, 55–69.
Mitchell, J. K. (1993). Fundamentals of Soil Behavior, 2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons,
New York.

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