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SUBDUCTION ZONES 263

Backarc
compression
Shallow trench

Crustal melts Young, thin, hot
buoyant lithosphere
Shallow dip of Wadati – Benioff zone; (Arc under compression)
great compressional earthquakes
Chilean type

Backarc
extension Deep trench

Mantle Old, thick, cold and dense
partial lithosphere
melts

No great
compressional Steep dip of
earthquakes Wadati – Benioff zone
Mariana type
(Arc under extension)
Figure 9.18 End-member types of subduction zone based on the age of the underthrusting lithosphere and the
absolute motion of the overriding plate (modified from Uyeda & Kanamori, 1979, and Stern, 2002, by permission of the

American Geophysical Union. Copyright © 1979 and 2002 American Geophysical Union).