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168 • Green Project Management

• Normalization (assessing the relevant potency of the impact)
• Valuation (applying the importance of each impact based on a set
of values)
• Uncertainty management (reflecting the variation in the data)

And then, the results apply only to the decision maker who applied the
weighting scheme.
Figure 9.8 is a specialized version of the LCA process with a focus on the
interpretation portion. The steps in the interpretation are:

1. Identification of the significant issues based on the LCI and LCIA
2. Evaluation that considers completeness, sensitivity, and consistency
checks
3. Conclusions, recommendations, and reporting

Step 1 is straightforward and involves highlighting the main issues
found in the previous LCA project phases. Step 2 is a “reflection” on the

Life Cycle Assessment Framework

Interpretation phase
Goal and
scope 1. Identification of
definition significant issues

2. Evaluation by: Direct applications:
• completeness check • product development
Inventory • sensitivity check and improvement
Analysis • consistency check • strategic planning
• other checks • marketing
• other

Impact
Assessment
• Conclusions
• Recommendations
• Reporting

Figure 9.8
Life cycle assessment framework. Adapted from ISO® 14040: 2006.