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52    grow from within


              people had become adept at selling to their customers’ opera-
              tions groups. Operations teams at telecom operators generally
              require a return on investment of between 12 and 18 months.
              Although Titan showed serious benefits after about 24 months
              and exceptional value beyond that, an operations executive
              could more easily purchase a traditional circuit-switching
              product at a fraction of the cost of Tellabs’s offering.
                 Cisco recognized that the strategic planning teams at its cus-
              tomer firms (the same firms targeted by Tellabs) typically have
              a longer horizon, 24 months or more. With that time frame, the
              Titan 6500 and the CSR-1 shine. Cisco presented its product to
              different buyers within the same customer firms with a revised
              value proposition and ended up with a winner. Cisco designed
              the right go-to-market strategy to support the new product’s
              success, while Tellabs sent a great new product through its
              existing business system, leading to failure. Same product, dif-
              ferent business system, radically different outcomes.
                 The Tellabs/Cisco story illustrates the power of new busi-
              ness design. Often, a product or service innovation on its own
              is not enough to capture a market opportunity. An otherwise
              great product might even fail as a result of a poorly considered
              or mistargeted business design. By business design, we include
              all aspects of launching, growing, and supporting the new
              offering in the market: the brand and channels we use to go to
              market, the supply chain operating in support of it, the sales
              and service teams and their approach, and even the ways we
              seek payment from customers. Any grossly misaligned aspect
              of the business system can kill a new product.
                 Corporate entrepreneurship is fundamentally about inno-
              vation viewed holistically, in terms of all the necessary com-
              ponents of a business system. It is about the creation of
              substantial new value for customers and the firm by creatively
              changing one or more dimensions of the business system.
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