Page 56 - Communication Cultural and Media Studies The Key Concepts

COPYRIGHT

as jointly constructed, practical accomplishments, and seek to display
from the close analysis of transcribed talk the methods adopted by
participants to achieve this orderliness – the conversational structures
within which participants function and the interpretative work which
they undertake. In line with this project, conversation analysis has
provided detailed accounts of howthe taking of turns is managed in
conversation and howturns are linked together in coherent ways.
Some types of utterance are, predictably, related to each other in pairs
such as summons þ answer, question þ answer or greeting þ greeting, and
related pairs such as these provide strong linking formats as part of the
sequential organisation of talk.
See also: Pragmatics

Further reading: Atkinson and Heritage (1984); Levinson (1983)

COPYRIGHT

Copyright is a form of intellectual property and is concerned with
the legal status of information. Ownership of creative or informational
content allows facts, ideas and artistic or literary works to be traded.
Information is nowa recognised asset in itself rather than an
instrument through which we manage assets (Branscomb, 1994).
Copyright restricts others from copying or reproducing a product or
information, for example, music, a book, etc., but also less obvious
properties such as a star’s name or the design of a form, without the
consent of the person or agency that claims copyright. As a result,
copyright provides a means for entitlements to be realised and assists in
allowing information to be valued economically and thence traded.
The ‘information age’ has brought about newissues in copyright.
Not only is information nowrecognised as a valuable asset, but also its
availability and the means by which we access and order it are
undergoing immense change.
The creator of a piece of software may spend significant time and
effort to produce a useful application. That software could potentially
be freely shared with millions around the world. Or the producer of it
could claim copyright (i.e. license usage), restricting the ability of
others to reproduce the information without paying a fee or incurring
legal penalty. There are several issues here:
. Digital information can be reproduced without losing quality in the
process: that is, digital information is easier than analogue to pirate.

41