Page 132 - Handbook Of Multiphase Flow Assurance
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128 5. Flow restrictions and blockages in operations
FIG. 5.22 Dynamics of the phases of the Halley comet surface eruptions hypothesis with pressures shown in MPa
(Makogon, personal communication, 1999).
• insulation
• active flowline heating by PIP heating medium circulation such as heated bundles
• active flowline heating by wet insulation EH
• active flowline heating by PIP DEH
• active flowline heating by PIP heat tracing
• hot water injection from aquifer
• depressurization / blowdown to topsides
• alcohol chemical
• glycol chemical
• AA LDHI chemical
• KHI LDHI chemical
• subsea water separation
• partial subsea gas separation.
Emerging technologies of hydrate management
Biological techniques
Biological remediation of gas hydrates had been discussed for at least three decades.
Bacteria which digest hydrocarbons have been proposed to gradually consume a hydrate
blockage by digesting methane out of the hydrate thus destabilizing it. However, this method
had never been tested in the field.
