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110 Chapter 4 A critical review on using blockchain technology in education domain

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Attack Countermeasures

Eclipse attack when adversary
controls IPs to get majority
connections from victim node.
DNS and BGP hijacking where
adversary controls DNS server and
BGP router.
Quantum attacks due to Using postquantum DSA approaches
vulnerability of public key ECDSA such as code-based and lattice-
based on Shor's algorithm. based.

Most of the attacks can be prevented on using trusted parties
along with suitable consensus mechanisms. Hence, consortium
BCs are more suitable for education domain.

5. Blockchain in education domain

E-governance with Digital Ledger Technology (DLT) based on
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and BC security is suitable for educa-
tion systems. Some of the challenges faced by current digital
governance solutions include availability of data/solutions as
disjointed silos, lack of data ownership by students, vulnerability
to cyber attacks, lack of unified data format and interoperability,
lack of integration of college systems with other stakeholders like
universities, employers, payment gateways and banks. The major
components of an education ecosystem includes the following:
• Admission of students
• Course registration
• Fees payment
• Curriculum and syllabus management
• Tutoring, assessment, and performance
• Credit transfers and credit evaluation
• Graduation
• Placement
• Credit transfers between universities
Currently, such services exist as silos in information manage-
ment, decision support, and student support subsystems with
centralized control. A decentralized and secure distributed ledger
technology contains protocols to validate transactions and up-
date ledgers or extract information from using smart contracts.
It increases automation, transparency, auditability, and