Page 126 - Handbook of Deep Learning in Biomedical Engineering Techniques and Applications

114 Chapter 4 A critical review on using blockchain technology in education domain

• Digital academic certificate management: It can be used for
instant verification of academic credentials/qualification of a
graduate/student by a stakeholder like an employer. Blockcert
is used for the same. Blockcert [22] from MIT media lab is an
opensource standard for notarizing academic records on the
BC in an immutable manner. It enables students to share their
learning records and achievements without a central authority.
Certificate management includes management of academic
credentials, transcripts, students certificates, or any other
forms of accomplishment records. Nespor [23,24] proposed a
BC certification platform to authorize the higher education
providers or employers to supply official certificates for
students with a high level of privacy of their information.
Thus, students could share it directly with anyone requesting
their official documents
• MOOCs: Recording and payment for MOOC can be done using
BCs.
• Collaborative learning management: U-Learning [25] encour-
ages a ubiquitous and effective communication system among
teachers and students. Personalized learning environment can
be facilitated using BCs to match the interests of the students.
Smart learning contracts can be designed for the same.
• Learning engagement in e-learning systems and identification
and rewarding top learners can be done using BCs [26].
• Management of learning outcomes: Smart contracts could be
used to measure and evaluate the students’ performance
based on qualitative and quantitative parameters. Gillet [27]
multilearning activities add up independently to record the
overall learning of the students
• Learning contract exchanges can also be done between uni-
versities and governmental/private institutions. Competition
management utilizes BC technology to manage competition
operations in an efficient and transparent manner. This can
also be used to evaluate academic performance or credentials
of students and recommend to an employer [28].
• Credit earning for contribution to journals, fast learning, and
so on can be done using BCs.
• Tracking of issue and return of library books in library man-
agement system can be done using smart contracts in BCs.
• Globalization of education is possible by credit transfers be-
tween universities using BCs (Fig. 4.8). Fees and credits trans-
fer between universities and other stakeholders can be secured
using BCs. EduCTX system [29] transfers tokens (such as certif-
icates, diplomas, and so on) between educational institutions.