Page 194 - Handbook of Electrical Engineering

FUSES 177

Figure 8.2 Melting, nominal and clearance time curves versus current for a typical 250 A fuse.

The melting time and clearing time are of related significance when two fuses, which are in
series, need to be coordinated, e.g. a feeder fuse and a large outgoing fuse. The feeder fuse must not
melt during the clearing time of the outgoing fuse when a common fault current passes. Figure 8.2
shows the important times and currents of a typical 250 amp fuse. The shape of the curve is typical.

A fuse may be called upon to operate in one of two ways:-
— Current limiting-short time duty.
— Non-current limiting-long time duty.

In a 60 Hz system the peak of the fault current will occur in 0.0042 sec (symmetrical) or
0.0084 sec (fully asymmetrical). For a 50 Hz system the times are 0.005 sec and 0.01 sec respectively.
If the fuse clears the fault in less than about 0.003 sec then the fuse is said to be current limiting.
However if the prospective current is not at its maximum then several cycles of current may
occur before sufficient heat is created to melt the fuse. In this situation the fuse is said to be non-
current limiting. This applies to times beyond about 0.01 sec on the fuse curve of Figure 8.2. As the
prospective current is reduced the non-current limiting time, or operating time, increases considerably.
A particular design of fuse may take several hours to operate if the prospective current is only a small
amount above the asymptotic value of the fuse. Four hours is used by manufacturers as a reference
value. It can be seen therefore that times less than 0.003 sec are important when high currents occurs.
It should be noted that when the melting time exceeds about 0.1 sec the corresponding arcing
time is less than 0.01 sec. Therefore for times above 0.1 sec it may be assumed that the melting or
pre-arcing time is in fact the clearance time. The fuse manufacturers normally give curves for the