Page 80 - Handbook of Electrical Engineering

GAS TURBINE DRIVEN GENERATORS 59

power has a part that is delayed when a disturbance occurs. It is generally considered that two-shaft
gas turbines have a slower response characteristic to disturbances in electrical power, and that this
gives rise to greater excursion in shaft speed. The delay due to the compressor being on a separate
shaft accounts for this inferior performance.
With a two-shaft system the compressor is free to accelerate since it is not constrained by
the heavy mass of the driven generator. In order to avoid excessive acceleration of the compressor
a suitable signal is derived and passed through a safety control loop, often called the load schedule
or acceleration control. The signal is compared with the output of the governor power amplifier and
the least of these two signals is selected and sent to the fuel valve. The ‘least signal selector’ block
carries out this comparison, as shown in Figure 2.17. Where the compressor loop is given with a
slewing block, with upper and lower limits, the approximation of the slewing may be considered in
the same manner as for the fuel valve actuator and its limits.

2.6.2 Typical Parameter Values for Speed Governing Systems

Table 2.7 shows typical per-unit values for the gains, limits and time constants used in the speed
governing control systems for gas turbines having ratings up to approximately 25 MW.

REFERENCES

1. H. J. Smith and J. W. Harris, Thermodynamic: problems in SI units. Macdonald Technical & Scientific
(1970). ISBN 0 356-03188-8
2. G. F. C. Rogers and Y. R. Mayhew, Engineering thermodynamics work and heat transfer. Longmans (1963).
ISBN 3 920-37920-9
3. S. A. Urry, Solutions of problems in applied heat and thermodynamics. Pitman (1962). ISBN
3 920-37920-9
4. P. R. Khajuria and S. P. Dubey, Gas turbines and propulsive systems. Dhanpat Rai & Sons, Delhi (1992),
th
5 Revised edition.
5. R. M. Helsdon, Introduction to applied thermodynamics. Pergamon Press (1965). First edition.
6. Gas turbine world 2000–2001 handbook. Volume 21, Chief Editor: Robert Farmer. Publisher: Victor de
Biasi. Published by: Pequot Publishing Inc. USA. ISSN 0 747-7988
7. P. M. Anderson and A. A. Fouad, Power system control and stability. IEEE Press, IEEE, Inc., New York,
USA (1994). ISBN 0 780-31029-2
8. Siemens Aktiengesellschaft, Electrical engineering handbook. Berlin, Munchen (1969) ISBN
0 800-91076-4
9. R. D. Evans, First report of power system stability: Report of subcommittee on interconnection and stability
factors. AIEE Transactions, 1937, pages 261 to 282.
10. C. F. Wagner and R. D. Evans, Static stability limits and the intermediate condenser station. Report of
subcommittee on interconnection and stability factors. AIEE Transactions, 1928, Vol 47, pages 94 to 121.
11. D. G. Fink and H. W. Beaty, Standard handbook for electrical engineers. McGraw-Hill Book Company,
Inc. (1978) ISBN 0 070-20974-X

FURTHER READING
rd
12. Kempe’s engineers year book 1988, Chapter F4/1, 93 edition. Morgan-Grampian Book Publishing Co. Ltd.
40 Beresford Street, London SE 18 6BQ.
13. A. L. Sheldrake, A semiconductor analogue for the study of dynamic power systems. Ph.D. Thesis, Imperial
College of Science and Technology, University of London, January 1976, Chapter 5.