Page 138 - Handbook of Energy Engineering Calculations

condensing steam turbine (ST) is used and it is coupled to a cooling-
tower/surface-condenser heat sink turbine inlet. Steam conditions are 1450
2
lb/in (gage)/1000°F (999l kPa/538°C). Unit ratings are for operation at
International Standard Organization (ISO) conditions. Evaluate the various

technologies considered for summer peaking conditions with a dry bulb (DB)
temperature of 95°F and 60 percent RH (relative humidity) (35°C and 60
percent RH). The plant heat sink is a four-cell, counterflow, mechanical-draft
cooling tower optimized to achieve a steam-turbine exhaust pressure of 3.75

inHg absolute (9.5 cmHg) for all alternatives considered in this evaluation.
Base circulating-water system includes a surface condenser and two 50
percent-capacity pumps. Water-treatment, consumption, and disposal-related
O&M (operating & maintenance) costs for the zero-discharge facility are
3
3
assumed to be $3/1000 gal ($3/3.8 m ) of raw water, $6/1000 gal ($6/3.8 m )
3
of treated demineralized water, and $5/1000 gal ($5/3.8 m ) of water
disposal. The plant is configured to burn liquid distillate as a backup fuel.

Calculation Procedure:

1. List the options available for boosting output
Seven options can be developed for boosting the output of this theoretical
reference plant. Although plant-specific issues will have a significant effect
on selecting an option, comparing performance based on a reference plant,

Fig. 8, can be helpful. Table 1 shows the various options available in this
study for boosting output. The comparisons shown in this procedure illustrate
the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of the major power

augmentation technologies now in use.