Page 31 - Handbook of Properties of Textile and Technical Fibres

12 Handbook of Properties of Textile and Technical Fibres

Table 1.4 Typical properties of some glass, carbon, and ceramic fibers

Tensile Tensile
failure failure Young’s
Diameter Density strength strain modulus
3
Type of fiber (mm) (g/cm ) (GPa) (%) (GPa)
E type glass 14 2.54 3.5 4.5 73
S type glass 14 2.49 4.65 5.3 86
Carbon (Ex-PAN)
High strength 7 1.80 4.9 2.1 235
(first generation)
High strength 5 1.79 6.6 2.0 324
(second generation)
High modulus 7 1.84 4.2 1.0 436
(first generation)
High modulus 5 1.93 3.82 0.7 588
(second generation)
Carbon (Ex-pitch)
High modulus 7 2.17 3.63 0.5 780
High modulus 10 2.12 3.6 0.58 620
High modulus 10 2.20 3.7 0.40 935
Silicon carbideebased fibers
Hi-Nicalon (Nippon 12 2.74 2.8 1 270
Carbon, 2017)
Tyranno SA (Ube 10 3 2.9 0.78 375
Industries, 2017)
Oxide fibers
Nextel 610 (3M, 2017) 10 3.75 1.9 0.5 370
Nextel 720 (3M, 2017) 12 3.4 2.1 0.81 260

developed for the aerospace industry in the 1960s and are now seen as classical mate-
rials for this industry, applications outside this industry now represent a bigger market.
This explains why some major carbon fiber manufacturers have either been developing
techniques or buying companies that produce cheaper large tow carbon fibers for ap-
plications such as wind turbine blades. This is illustrated by the purchase in 2013 of
Zoltek, which pioneered large carbon fiber tow production, by the largest carbon fiber
producer, Toray (Zoltek, 2017).