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CHAPTER 4

Advanced Treatment Technology

and Strategy for Water and

Wastewater Management

Haresh Bhuta
XH2O Solutions Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad, India

4.1 INTRODUCTION

Advanced oxidation systems are not widely used in industry. This is not
because of their inability to treat wastewater but rather because of general
lack of awareness and understanding about the current advanced oxidation
technologies and their applications to different cases. It is widely known that
conventional wastewater treatment systems have serious shortcomings
that can be addressed by advanced oxidation processes.

4.1.1 Principal Bottlenecks of Present Wastewater
Treatment Systems
Effective management of wastewater generated from chemical production,
processing of textiles, and other industrial activities is becoming a serious
cause for concern. With continuous growth in sectors such as dyestuff
manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, and textiles, as well as the simultaneous
increase in the number of small-scale industries, old methods of treating
and managing wastewater are becoming obsolete.
The old methods of treatment commonly comprise primary treatment,
followed by biological treatment, and finally polishing by carbon and sand
filters. The key to this approach is effective biological treatment. However,
it is nearly impossible to have a biological treatment method that is effective
for the existing wastewater streams from modern complex chemical
manufacturing units. Principal limitations of this conventional method are
high volume/detention time, high floor area required, inability to treat
complex and unpredictable wastewater, nature of organic load, and the
requirement of trained manpower. Some of these limitations are explained
below.

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