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Industrial Wastewater Treatment, Recycling, and Reuse: An Overview  53



                    al.,  the         as     linked  of
                    et   with   includes  such  oxidized  of  be  group.  with  undertaken.  of
                    (Farooq  obtained  extraction,  electrolytic  of  form  having  supports  with  form  to  believed  functional  acid  mechanism  the  interacting  be  polymer-modified  removal  for


                    substantially  concentrations.  been  have  solvent  and  technology  hybrid  new  polymers  solid  on  carbons  cationic  The  is  Cd 2+ ,  oxygen-containing  carboxylic  on  studies  ions  to  need  suggest  nanoadsorbents  cadmium.




                 Methods  cost  the  low  for  successes  RO, exchange,  precipitation,  Emerging  a  of  ceramic  ligands  activated  groups.  ions,  the  as  such  detailed  metallic  of  surfaces  reports  including


                 Treatment  reduce  2002)  Limited  ion  chemical  methods.  application  adsorbents,  functional  and  silica  surface  cadmium  the  with  groups  More  diffusion  adsorbent  Some  magnetic  metals,






               treatment—cont'd







               wastewater  Limits  mg/L




               in  Discharge  0.01–2
               removal       landfill


               metal     cells,  from  gypsum

               important  of  electrochemical  devices,  leachates  pigment,



               of  Effluents    plating,
               Examples  in  Batteries,  semiconductor  incinerators,  sites,  manufacturing


               1.4  Occurs
               Table  Metal  Cd
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