Page 249 - Inside the Film Factory New Approaches to Russian and Soviet Cinema

230 INSIDE THE FILM FACTORY
34 Arlazorov, pp. 118—19, quotes an interview with Tolstoi in Literaturnyi Leningrad
(n.d., but probably 1937).
35 Dates taken from English-language titles on an American distribution print (Films
Inc.) of unknown provenance. Bryher cites the period as 1919—23, but had not seen
the film.
36 V.Alexandrova, A History of Soviet Literature 1917—64 (New York: 1964), pp. 239—
40.
37 Yu.Tsivian et al. (eds), Silent Witnesses: Russian Films 1908—1919 (Pordenone and
London: 1989), pp. 160—2.
38 ibid., pp. 422—6; see also: Denise J.Youngblood, p. 107 this volume.
39 Arlazorov, p. 117.
40 ibid., p. 119.
41 See: I.Christie, ‘Making sense of early Soviet sound’, p. 190 this volume.
42 On the ‘boundary situation’, or entry from the real into the fantastic world, see
M.Mendelson, ‘Opening Moves: The Entry into the Other World’, Extrapolation, vol.
25, no. 2 (Summer 1984), pp. 171—9.
43 H.Carter, The New Spirit in the Cinema (London: 1930), p. 251n.
44 P.Jensen, The Cinema of Fritz Lang (New York and London: 1969), p. 62.
45 Thompson, pp. 51—4; Albrecht, Designing Dreams, pp. 43 ff.
46 S.Lawder, The Cubist Cinema (New York: 1975), pp. 200—2.
47 P.de Francia, Fernand Léger (New York and London: 1983), p. 62.
48 ibid., p. 94.
49 R.Cohen, ‘Alexandra Exter’s Designs for the Theatre’, ArtForum (Summer 1986), pp.
46—9.
50 ibid., p.47.
51 R.Williams, Artists in Revolution: Portraits of the Russian Avant-Garde 1905—25
(London: 1978), pp. 87, 95.
52 S.Makovskii, ‘Golubaya roza’, Zolotoe runo [The Golden Fleece], no. 5 (1907);
quoted in C.Gray, The Russian Experiment in Art 1863—1922 (London: rev. edn
1986, p. 75 and ch.5.
53 A.Nakov, Avant-Garde Russe (Paris and London: 1986), p. 62. The translations from
this source are by Ian Christie.
54 J.Bowlt, Catalogue: Stage Designs and the Russian Avant-Garde 1911—29
(Washington DC: 1976), pp. 8—9.
55 Nakov, p. 62.
56 See: H.Marshall, The Pictorial History of the Russian Theatre (London: 1977), p.
113, for striking photographs of the Kamerny Romeo and Juliet.
57 Lodder, p. 155.
58 Bowlt, pp. 8—9.
59 ibid.
60 ibid.
61 Arlazorov, p. 119. Simov and Kozlovsky worked together on Starewicz’s Cagliostro
[Kaliostro, 1918] and on Masons [Masony, 1918], begun by Starewicz but finished by
Chargonin.
62 A.A.Bogdanov, Krasnaya zvezda (St Petersburg, 1908) and a sequel, Engineer Menni
[Inzhener Menni, Moscow, 1913], both included in: L.Graham and R.Stites (eds), Red
Star: The First Bolshevik Utopia (trans. Charles Rougle) (Bloomington, Ind.: 1984).