Page 189 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition

L1644_C04.fm Page 161 Tuesday, October 21, 2003 3:13 PM

TABLE 4.5
Parameter Value for Direct Exposure for the Population Living in Area
Surrounding an MSWI
Parameter Symbol Units Value References
Soil ingestion rate SIR mg/day 3.44 LaGrega et al.
(1994)
Fraction absorption AFIS unitless 40 Nessel et al. (1991)
ingestion of soil
Vegetable ingestion rate VIR g/day 99 Arija et al. (1996)
Fraction absorption AFIV unitless 60 Nessel et al. (1991)
ingestion of vegetables
Fraction vegetables from IA unitless 5 Personal
the area communication
Resuspended particles RES unitless 50 Hawley (1985)
from the soil
3
Ventilation rate Vr m /day 11 Shin et al. (1998)
Fraction retained in the RET unitless 60 Nessel et al. (1991)
lung
Particle concentration Pa µg/m 3 133 Personal
communication
Fraction absorption AFIn unitless 100 Nessel et al. (1991)
inhalation
Contact time soil–skin CT h/day 1.50 USEPA (1990)
Exposed skin surface area SA cm 2 1980 USEPA (1990)
Dermal absorption factor Add unitless 0.003 Katsumata and
Kastenberg (1997)
Soil to skin adherence AF mg/cm 2 1.00 USEPA (1990)
factor
PCDD/F concentrations in Sc ng/kg 1.17 Schuhmacher et al.
soil from the area (1998)
PCDD/F concentrations in Vc ng/kg 0.197 Schuhmacher et al.
vegetables from the area (1998)
PCDD/F concentrations in Ac pg/m 3 0.07 Personal
air communication

2. Ingestion of vegetables from the area (Ingv). In general, a high fraction
of consumed vegetables is not grown in the region where a person lives
but is imported from other regions. Therefore, only a fraction of 5% of
total vegetables ingested (equivalent to locally grown) was considered.
The average daily intake of TCDD equivalents was estimated by multi-
plying the PCDD/F concentrations in vegetables by the daily amount of
intake, by the fraction of vegetables from the area, and by the absorption
factor (Table 4.5):

Ingv = Vc·VIR·AFIV·IA

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