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Introduction to Digital Oil and Gas Field Systems             17


              •  Predictive models for statistical analysis and intelligent components.
              •  Cognitive advising such as exception-based management, knowledge
                 capture, and continuous improvement.



              1.5.4 User Interfaces and Visualization
              Real-time operations centers (RTOC) have traditionally had large screens
              with dashboards with various graphs, charts, tables, and gauges displayed
              with real-time data on primarily desktop applications. The newest genera-
              tion of DOF implementations have displays that go beyond traditional
              dashboards, and include highly interactive dynamic and map-based, multi-
              dimensional (color, size, type elements) displays on Web portals and mobile
              infrastructure. The displays are fit-for-purpose, focused on individual roles
              and comprehensive. The user interfaces (UI) display not only the basic data,
              but also the diagnostics and analytics related to operational actions. The
              visuals engage and stimulate engineers into collaborative processes. The
              UIs are designed to guide engineers through a workflow, with automated
              access and use for all the relevant data (Fig. 1.9). The DOF UIs should be
              designed with the following features:
              •  efficient data reload, and data refresh,
              •  intuitive graphical design, self-explained, auto-flow, no manual
                 requested for simple task,
              •  GIS map-based feature set,






















              Fig. 1.9 DOF systems have user interfaces that bring together data from multiple
              sources and display it across multiple devices such as high-end computer monitors, tab-
              lets, and smartphones.
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