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164 Chapter 5 Understanding how interfaces affect users

Two very good papers on interface agents can be found in MAES, P. (1995) Artificial life meets entertainment: lifelike
Brenda Laurel's (ed.) The Art of Human-Computer Interface autonomous agents. Communications of the ACM, 38. (ll),
Design (1990) Reading, MA.: Addison Wesley: 108-114. Pattie Maes has written extensively about the role
and design of intelligent agents at the interface. This paper
LAUREL, B. (1990) Interface agents: metaphor with charac-
provides a good review of some of her work in this field.
ter, 355-366
Excerpts from a lively debate between Pattie Maes and Ben
OREN. T., SALOMON, G., KREITMAN, K., AND DON. A. (1990) Shneiderman on "Direct manipulation vs. interface agents"
Guides: characterizing the interface, 367-381 can be found ACM Interactions Magazine, 4 (6) (1997), 4241.