Page 303 - Introduction to Paleobiology and The Fossil Record

290 INTRODUCTION TO PALEOBIOLOGY AND THE FOSSIL RECORD

Deep marine Shallow marine Restricted marine
(aphotic) Temp. (photic) (brackish or hypersaline)
Era Period –cold Tropical Subtropical Increasing restriction
0 Quaternary Halimedia
PHOTOSYMBIOTIC Vermetids Oysters
Asymbiotic
Cenozoic Tertiary scleractinian CORALLINE Bryozoans–
SCLERACTINIAN CORALS
corals
Serpulids
ALGAE
65 Spicular sponges
SPONGES
RUDIST BIVALVES SCLERACT-
INIAN Oysters
Cretaceous Asymbiotic
CORALS
scleractinian STROMATOPOROIDS
corals
Mesozoic Spicular SCLERACTINIAN CORALS
144 PHOTOSYMBIOTIC
Jurassic sponges MICROBES Serpulids
206
Scleractinian corals
Spicular sponges
Triassic
Microbes CALCIFIED SPONGES
STROMATOLITES
251 CALCIFIED SPONGES S
Spicular sponges Tubiphytes
Microbes
Permian
Time (Ma) 290 FRONDOSE & ENCRUSTING BRYOZOANS T E
PHYLLOID ALGAE

FRONDOSE BRYOZOANS
Chaetetids
CORALS
Carboniferous CRINOIDS
Bryozoans MICROBES
353.7
STROMATOPOROID SPONGES
Devonian
Rugose MICROBES S T R O M A T O L I
Paleozoic CALCIFIED CYANOBACTERIA
408.5 corals TABULATE CORALS
Silurian
RED ALGAE
439
THROMBOLITES
Ordovician BRYOZOANS
LITHISTID SPONGES
500
STROMATOLITES/THROMBOLITES
Cambrian
ARCHAEOCYATHS
CALCIFIED CYANOBACTERIA
543 Vendian
565
CYANOBACTERIA
STROMATOLITES
2500

3600

Figure 11.32 Reef building through time. (From Wood 2001.)