Page 321 - Introduction to Paleobiology and The Fossil Record

308 INTRODUCTION TO PALEOBIOLOGY AND THE FOSSIL RECORD

LIFESTYLE BRACHIOPOD TAXA ADAPTATIONS

Attached by pedicle
Epifaunal – hard substrate (1) Orthides, rhynchonellides,
(plenipedunculate) spiriferides and terabratulides

Epifaunal – soft substrate (2) Chlidonophora and Cryptopora
(rhizopedunculate) 1
2
Cryptic Argyrotheca and Terebratulina

Interstitial Acrotretides and Gwynia

3
4
Cemented Craniops and Schuchertella

Encrusting (3) Craniids and disciniids

Clasping spines (4) Linoproductus and Tenaspinus
5
6

Mantle fibers Orthotetoids

Unattached
Cosupportive (5) Pentamerids and trimerellids
7
8
Coral-like (6) Gemmellaroids and
richthofeniids
Recumbent Strophomenides
9
10
Pseudofaunal (7) and inverted (8) Waagenoconcha and Marginifera

Free-living (9, 10) Cyrtia, Chonetes, Neothyris
and Terebratella

Mobile
Infaunal (11) Linguloids

12
Semi-infaunal (12) Camerisma and Magadina
11

Figure 12.9 Brachiopod lifestyles. (Courtesy of David Harper and Roisin Moran.)