Page 127 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition

Life Cycle Assessment of Biodiesel from Palm Oil 113

Table 2 (continued)
Unit Quantity Energy coefficient Total energy
(MJ/kg) (MJ)
Palm oil mill
Inputs
FFB kg 4.17 43.33 180.686
Water kg 6.58076 4.2E-3 0.02764
Energy consumption
Electricity MJ – – 0.29440
Diesel MJ 0.00012 48.10 0.00578
Steam MJ 5.47941 1.36 7.45200
Total energy input MJ 188.4658
Output
CPO kg 0.94 31.40 29.5160
POME kg 2.3 – –
EFB kg 1.0764 20.47 22.13391
PPF kg 0.7176 19.22 13.79227
PKS kg 0.6532 21.44 14.00461
Emissions to soil/air/water
Steam kg 5.479411 1.36 7.45200
NOx kg 0.000588 296.00 0.17405
CO kg 0.005188 10.11 0.05245
kg 1.199897 32.12 38.5407
CO 2
Particulate matter kg 0.001269 – –
SO 2 kg 0.000018 29.50 0.00053
TOC kg 0.000046 – –
VOC kg 0.003607 – –
Biogas from POME storage MJ 0.0644 – 2.31800
BOD kg – –
COD kg – –
Nitrates kg 0.000759 22.5 0.01708
Ash kg 0.045 19.61 0.88245
Total energy output 128.884
CPO refining
Inputs
CPO kg 0.94 41.86 39.3484
Activated clay kg 0.00846 34.54 0.29222
Electricity MJ – – 0.31505
Steam MJ – – 4.96871
Total energy input MJ – – 44.9244
Outputs
RPO kg 0.92500 31.40 29.0450
Emissions to air
kg 4.97541 32.12 159.810
CO 2
kg 0.00012 29.50 0.00345
SO 2
kg 0.00029 296.00 0.08622
NO x
(continued)