Page 162 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition

6.2 Framework of LCSA 159
TABLE 8.2 Composition of MSW in Campania, as obtained from a specific
investigation made by the National Committee for Waste Emergency.
Waste component Content in rest waste (wt%)
Glass 5.7
Metals 3.25
Wood 1.75
Food wastes 30.1
Greens 3.88
Paper and paperboard 23.15
Plastics, light 7.92
Plastics, hard 2.84
Textiles 4.48
Leather 1.76
Oversize 0.7
Inert materials 1.26
Miscellaneous 4.49
Fines 8.7
Adapted from Arena, U., Mastellone, M.L., Perugini, F., 2003. The environmental performance of
alternative solid waste management options: a life cycle assessment study. Chem. Eng. J. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.cej.2003.08.019.

6.2.2 Life cycle inventory

The life cycle inventory is designed to clarify the energy flows and material flows of the
systems. Information should be collected completely and clearly in the system to avoid re-
dundancy or missing information. It is important to conduct life cycle inventory accurately,
as its precision affects significantly the accuracy of examination results. The procedures of life
cycle inventory include preparing for data collection, data collection, validation of data, re-
lating data to unit process, relating data to a functional unit, data aggregation, refining the
system boundary, and completed inventory, as shown in Fig. 8.2. The steps mentioned need
to be conducted repeatedly if any revisions are made.
Taking Kalundborg symbiosis in Denmark as an example, the life cycle inventory is
assessed. Kalundborg Symbiosis is a great illustrator of the circular economy concept. It
achieved with a group of functional corporations run with mutual material supplies and mu-
tual waste disposal in Kalundborg, Denmark (Valentine, 2016). This project started in 1959 as
a pioneer experimental project with considerable support from Denmark’s government ( John
and Nicholas, 2018). This is an organically evolving, self-sustaining environmental collabo-
ration in Denmark with 12 enterprises currently participating (Gulipac, 2016), and it has be-
come a typical case of industrial symbiosis learned by other countries ( Jacobsen, 2006).
Kalundborg Symbiosis consists of Lake Tisse, Argo, Gyproc, Kalundborg Utility, Ørsted (also