Page 282 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition

280 13. Multi-criteria decision-making after life cycle sustainability assessment under hybrid information

Selection constraint:
M
X
p i ¼ 1 (13.38)
i¼1
p i ¼1 shows that the ith has been recognized as the best alternative. After determining the
best alternative among the M alternatives, the best alternative among the M 1 alternatives
can also be determined by repeating, according to the programming shown in Eqs. (13.33)–
(13.36). With M 1 times, the priority sequence of these M alternatives can be determined.

13.3 Case study

In order to illustrate the developed multi-criteria decision analysis method for life cycle
sustainability ranking of energy and industrial systems, five electricity generation systems,
including electricity generation from coal, oil, biomass, ocean energy, and wind energy, in
Mexico (Santoyo-Castelazo, 2011) were studied by the proposed method. Santoyo-Castelazo
(2011) carried out a comprehensive sustainability analysis of these alternative electricity gen-
eration systems. A total of eight criteria were used to evaluate the sustainability of electricity
generation systems: overnight investment costs (EC 1 ) and levelized costs (EC 2 ) in the eco-
nomic dimension, global warming potential (EN 1 ), acidification potential (EN 2 ), abiotic de-
pletion potential (EN 3 ) and eutrophication potential (EN 4 ) in the environmental
dimension, and public acceptability (S 1 ) and technology maturity (S 2 ) in the social dimension.
The data of these five electricity generation systems, with respect to these six hard criteria,
EC 1 ,EC 2 ,EN 1 ,EN 2 ,EN 2 , and EN 4 , were derived from the work of Santoyo-Castelazo (2011).
However, the data with respect to the two soft criteria, S 1 and S 2 , were evaluated by three
groups of stakeholders by using the eleven linguistic variables, and they are researcher
and engineer group (DM#1), administration group (DM#2), and user group (DM#3). The per-
formances of these five alternative electricity generation systems by using multiple types of
data are presented in Table 13.2. After this, the developed multi-criteria decision analysis
method was employed to rank these five alternatives.

TABLE 13.2 The performance of the five alternative electricity generation systems by using multiple types
of data.
Coal Oil Biomass Ocean Wind
LCC EC 1 USD.kW 1 [602 4671] 1817 [2500 7431] [3186 6354] [1223 3716]
USD.MWh 1 [33 114] 102 [63 197] [224 347] [70 234]
EC 2
LCA EN 1 gCO 2 -eq.kWh 1 [950 1300] [40 110] [17 388] [8 50] [8 55]
gSO 2 -eq.kWh 1 [0.7 11] [2 7] [0.2 0.8] 0.04 [0.05 0.3]
EN 2
gSb-eq.kWh 1 [5 10] [3 8] [0.1 1.1] 0.05 [0.1 0.4]
EN 3
gPO 4 -eq.kWh 1 [0.1 0.6] [0.05 0.22] [0.07 0.6] 0.01 [0.01 0.04]
EN 4
SLCA S 1 / VB,VB,B MB,PB,M MG,M,MG PG,G,G VG,G,VG
/ VG,VG,VG VG,VG,G G,G,VG M,MB,MB MG,M,M
S 2
Reference: Santoyo-Castelazo (2011).