Page 38 - Lignocellulosic Biomass to Liquid Biofuels

CHAPTER 2

Pretreatment of lignocellulosic

biomass for efficient enzymatic

saccharification of cellulose

1
Jingzhi Zhang , Haifeng Zhou , Dehua Liu and Xuebing Zhao 1
2,
1,
1
Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Applied Chemistry,
Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China;
2
Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy and Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and
Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
Contents
2.1 Introduction 17
2.2 Physical pretreatment and mechanisms 19
2.2.1 Operation model of physical pretreatment 20
2.2.2 Energy and cost consideration on physical pretreatment 26
2.3 Chemical pretreatment 27
2.3.1 Liquid hot water pretreatment 27
2.3.2 Acid-catalyzed chemical pretreatment 28
2.3.3 Alkali-catalyzed pretreatment 32
2.3.4 Oxidative pretreatment 35
2.3.5 Cellulose solvent based pretreatment 39
2.4 Biological pretreatment 44
2.5 Combined pretreatments 45
2.5.1 Physicochemical pretreatment 46
2.5.2 Supercritical CO 2 pretreatment 48
2.6 Concluding remarks and prospective 50
Acknowledgments 55
References 55

2.1 Introduction

Lignocellulosic biomass has been considered as one of the most promising
feedstocks for a biorefinery to produce various biofuels, chemicals, and
materials. However, owing to the strong recalcitrant structure of biomass

Both authors contributed equally to this work.
Lignocellulosic Biomass to Liquid Biofuels © 2020 Elsevier Inc.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-815936-1.00002-2 All rights reserved. 17