Page 385 - Lindens Handbook of Batteries

14.50 PriMAry BATTerieS

FIGURE 14.40 Cross-sectional view of 3-cell 9 V Li/MnO battery. (Courtesy of Ultralife
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Batteries, Inc.)

foil laminates in a prismatic cell configuration in place of metal containers. The design of a cell with
a capacity of about 16 Ah is illustrated in Fig. 14.41. The cell contains 10 anode and 11 cathode
plates in a parallel plate array. 40

14.8.3 Performance
Voltage. The open-circuit voltage of the Li/MnO battery is typically 3.1 to 3.3 V after pre-
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discharge. The nominal voltage is 3.0 V. The operating voltage during discharge ranges from about
3.1 to 2.0 V and is dependent on the cell design, state-of-charge, and the other discharge conditions.
The end or cutoff voltage, the voltage by which most of the capacity has been expended, is 2.0 V,
except under high-rate, low-temperature discharges, when a lower end voltage may be specified.

Discharge Characteristics of Coin-Type Batteries. Typical discharge curves for the Li/MnO coin
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cells are presented in Fig. 14.42. The discharge profile is fairly flat at these low to moderate dis-
charge rates throughout most of the discharge, with a gradual drop near the end of life. This gradual
drop in voltage can serve as a state-of-charge indicator to show when the battery is approaching the
end of its useful life.
Some applications (such as an LeD watch with backlight) require a high pulse load superim-
posed on a low background current. The performance of a coin-type battery under these conditions
is shown in Fig. 14.43.