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Space Radiation Effects and Microelectromechanical Systems 89

(a) Omnidirectional integral proton fluxes at magnetic equator
AP-8 for solar maximum
10 9
10 8 E > .5 MeV
1
10 7 6 6 4 3 2
Proton fluxes (#/cm 2 /sec) 10 5 4 300 50 15 10
10
20

10
10

10 3 2 500
10 1
100
10 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Dipole shell parameter (L)

(b) Omnidirectional integral electron fluxes at magnetic equator
AE-8 for solar maximum
10 9
10 8
E > .1 MeV
Electron fluxes (#/cm 2 /sec) 10 5 4 3 5 4.5 4 3.5 2.5 2 1.5
.2
7
10
.4
6
1
6
10
3
10
10
10
10 2 1 6.5 6 5.5
7
10 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Dipole shell parameter (L)
FIGURE 5.4 (a) Variation of omnidirectional integral proton flux with distance from the
2
surface of the earth at the magnetic equator. (From J. Barth, Modelling Space Radiation
Environments, IEEE, 1997.) (b) Variation of omnidirectional integral electron flux with
2
distance from the surface of the earth at the magnetic equator. (From J. Barth, Modelling
Space Radiation Environments, IEEE, 1997.)

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