Page 12 - Manufacturing Engineering and Technology - Kalpakjian, Serope : Schmid, Steven R.

Metal-Forging Processes and Equipment 335

14.1 Introduction 335
14.2 Open-die Forging 337
14.3 Impression-die and Closed-die Forging 339
14.4 Various Forging Operations 343
14.5 Forgeability of Metals; Forging Defects 348
14.6 Die Design, Die Materials, and Lubrication 349
14.7 Die-manufacturing Methods and Die Failures 351
14.8 Forging Machines 353
14.9 Economics of Forging 355
Summary 357 Key Terms 358 Bibliography 358
Review Questions 358 Qualitative Problems 358
Quantitative Problems 359 Syntbesis, Design, and Projects 359

Metal Extrusion and Drawing Processes
and Equipment 360

15.1 Introduction 360
15.2 The Extrusion Process 362
15.3 Hot Extrusion 364
15.4 Cold Extrusion 368
15.5 Extrusion Defects 371
15.6 Extrusion Equipment 373
15.7 The Drawing Process 373
15.8 Drawing Practice 375
15.9 Drawing Defects and Residual Stresses 377
15.10 Drawing Equipment 377
Summary 378 Key Terms 378 Bibliography 379
Review Questions 379 Qualitative Problems 379
Quantitative Problems 380 Syntbesis, Design, and Projects 380

Sheet-Metal Forming Processes and
Equipment 381

16.1 Introduction 381
16.2 Shearing 382
16.3 Sheet-metal Characteristics and Formability 392
16.4 Forrnability Tests for Sheet Metals 394
16.5 Bending Sheets, Plates, and Tubes 397
16.6 Miscellaneous Bending and Related Operations 401
16.7 Deep Drawing 407
16.8 Rubber Forming and Hydroforming 413
16.9 Spinning 417
16.10 Superplastic Forming 420
16.11 Specialized Forming Processes 421

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