Page 165 - Manufacturing Engineering and Technology - Kalpakjian, Serope : Schmid, Steven R.

Ferrous Metals and Alloys: Production, General Properties, and Applications
Chapter 5

TABLE 5.5
Mechanical Properties and Typical Applications of Selected Annealed Stainless
Steels at Room Temperature

Ultimate Elongation
tensile strength Yield strength in 5 0 mm Characteristics and typical
AISI (UNS) (MPa) (MPa) (%) applications
303 (S30300) 550-620 240-260 53-50 Screw machine products
(shafts, valves, bolts, bush-
ings, and nuts) and aircraft
fittings (bolts, nuts, rivets,
screws, and studs)
304 (530400) 5-620 240-290 60-55 Chemical and food-
processing equipment, brew-
ing equipment, cryogenic
vessels, gutters, downspouts,
and flashings
316 (S31600) 50-590 210-290 60-55 High corrosion resistance
and high creep strength,
chemical- and pulp-handling
equipment, photographic
equipment, brandy vats, fer-
tilizer parts, ketchup-cooking
kettles, and yeast tubs
410 (S41000) 480-520 240-310 35-25 Machine parts, pump shafts,
bolts, bushings, coal chutes,
cutlery, tackle, hardware,
jet engine parts, mining
machinery, rifle barrels,
screws, and valves
416 (841600) 480-520 275 30-20 Aircraft fittings, bolts, nuts,
fire extinguisher inserts,
rivets, and screws

steels are hardened by cold working. They are the most ductile of all stainless steels
and can be formed easily. These steels are used in a wide variety of applications, such
as kitchenware, fittings, welded construction, lightweight transportation equipment,
furnace and heat-exchanger parts, and components for severe chemical environments.

Ferritic (400 series). These steels have a high chromium content-up to 27%.
They are magnetic and have good corrosion resistance, but they have lower ductility
than austenitic stainless steels. Ferritic stainless steels are hardened by cold working
and are not heat treatable. They generally are used for nonstructural applications,
such as kitchen equipment and automotive trim.

Martensitic (400 and 500 series). Most martensitic stainless steels do not contain
nickel and are hardenable by heat treatment. Their chromium content may be as
much as 18%. These steels are magnetic, and they have high strength, hardness, and
fatigue resistance, good ductility, and moderate corrosion resistance. Martensitic
stainless steels typically are used for cutlery, surgical tools, instruments, valves, and
springs.
Precipitation-hardening (PH). These steels contain chromium and nickel, along
with copper, aluminum, titanium, or molybdenum. They have good corrosion