Page 75 - Manufacturing Engineering and Technology - Kalpakjian, Serope : Schmid, Steven R.

54 Chapter 1 The Structure of Metals

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Ashby, M.F., and jones, D.R.H., Engineering Materials, Vol. 1, Callister, WD., jr., Materials Science and Engineering: An
An Introduction to Their Properties and Appli- Introduction, 7th ed., Wiley, 2006.
cations, 3rd ed., 2005; Vol. 2, An Introduction to Callister, WD., jr., and Rethwisch, D.G., Fundamentals of
Microstructures, Processing and Design. Butterworth- Materials Science and Engineering: An Integrated
Heinemann, 2005. Approach, 3rd ed., Wiley, 2007.
Ashby, M., Shercliff, H., and Cebon, D., Materials: Shackelford, ].F., Introduction to Materials Science for
Engineering, Science, Processing and Design, Engineers, 6th ed., Prentice Hall, 2004.
Butterworth-Heinemann, 2007.
Askeland, D.R., and Fulay, P.P., The Science and Engineering
of Materials, 5th ed, Cengage-Engineering, 2005.

REVIEW QUESTIONS

l.l. Explain the difference between a unit cell and a single |.l0. What is a slip system, and what is its significance?
crystal. |.l|. Explain the difference between recovery and
|.2. In tables on crystal structures, iron is listed as having recrystallization.
both a bcc and an fcc structure. Why? l.l2. What is hot shortness, and what is its significance?
I.3. Define anisotropy. What is its significance? l.l3. Explain the advantages and limitations of cold, warm,
l.4. What effects does recrystallization have on the proper- and hot working, respectively.
ties of metals? l.|4. Describe what the orange peel effect is.
l.5. What is strain hardening, and what effects does it have l.I5. Some metals, such as lead, do not become stronger
on the properties of metals? when cold worked. Explain the reason.
l.6. Explain what is meant by structure-sensitive and l.l6. Describe the difference between preferred orientation
structure-insensitive properties of metals. and mechanical fibering.
l.7. Make a list of each of the major kinds of imperfection l.l1. Differentiate between stress relaxation and stress
in the crystal structure of metals, and describe them. relieving.
l.8. What influence does grain size have on the mechanical l.l 8. What is twinning? How does it differ from slip?
properties of metals?
|.9. What is the relationship between the nucleation rate
and the number of grains per unit volume of a metal?

QUALITATIVE PROBLEMS

|.l9. Explain your understanding of why the study of the l.24. What materials and structures can you think of (other
crystal structure of metals is important. than metals) that exhibit anisotropic behavior?
l.20. What is the significance of the fact that some metals l.25. Two parts have been made of the same material, but
undergo allotropism? one was formed by cold working and the other by hot working.
l.2l. Is it possible for two pieces of the same metal to have Explain the differences you might observe between the two.
different recrystallization temperatures? Is it possible for re- |.26. Do you think it might be important to know whether
crystallization to take place in some regions of a part before it a raw material to be used in a manufacturing process has
does in other regions of the same part? Explain. anisotropic properties? What about anisotropy in the finished
l.22. Describe your understanding of why different crystal product? Explain.
structures exhibit different strengths and ductilities. l.27. Explain why the strength of a polycrystalline metal at
I.23. A cold-worked piece of metal has been recrystallized. room temperature decreases as its grain size increases.
When tested, it is found to be anisotropic. Explain the proba- l.28. Describe the technique you would use to reduce the
ble reason. orange-peel effect on the surface of workpieces.